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Written by Dr Serena Jones, GP
Dr Serena graduated from Manchester University in 2008 (MBChB).
She also holds the MRCGP, DRCOG and DFSRH.
Ever wondered what blood pressure medications you could take? High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of the most commonly managed long-term conditions in UK general practice. If lifestyle changes are not enough to manage BP then medications need to be considered. There is no single “best” blood pressure tablet. Instead, treatment is tailored to the individual, taking into account age, ethnicity, other medical conditions and how well blood pressure responds over time. In the UK GPs will often prescribe as per the NICE guidance, but if one medication doesn’t suit you, there are plenty of others to trial!
ACE Inhibitors
These are commonly prescribed as a first-line treatment, particularly in people under 55 and those with diabetes or kidney disease.
They work by relaxing blood vessels, making it easier for blood to flow.
Common examples include Ramipril and Lisinopril.
Possible side effects include a dry cough, dizziness or changes in kidney function
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs)
ARBs work in a similar way to ACE inhibitors but are less likely to cause a cough. They are often used if an ACE inhibitor is not tolerated.
Common examples include Losartan and Candesartan.
ARBs are widely used and generally well tolerated, with routine blood tests used to monitor kidney function and potassium levels.
Common Side Effects include: Dizziness, headache and occasionally they can disrupt your potassium levels or kidneys.
Calcium Channel Blockers
These help relax and widen blood vessels. They are often prescribed as first-line treatment in people aged over 55 or those of Black African or Caribbean background.
Common examples include Amlodipine or Diltiazem.
Side effects can include ankle swelling, flushing or headaches, particularly when starting treatment.
Diuretics (“Water Tablets”)
These help the body remove excess salt and water through urine, reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure.
Common examples include Indapamide or Bendroflumethiazide.
These medications are often used alongside other blood pressure tablets. Blood tests are used to monitor electrolyte levels.
Common side effects include: Dizziness, fatigue and excessive reduction of potassium and sodium.
Beta Blockers
Beta blockers reduce heart rate and the force of contraction of the heart. They are not usually first-line for high blood pressure alone but are helpful when hypertension co-exists with conditions such as heart disease, irregular heart rhythms or anxiety-related symptoms.
Common examples include, Bisoprolol, Atenolol or Propranolol.
Side effects: They may cause tiredness or cold hands and feet in some patients.
Other Medications
Less commonly, alpha blockers or other medications may be used, particularly in resistant hypertension. Examples include, Doxazosin, Spironolactone.
Why Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Matters
Blood pressure readings taken at home often give a more accurate picture than occasional clinic measurements alone.
Using a validated blood pressure monitor and recording readings correctly is key to safe and effective management. You can see a range endorsed by the British Heart Foundation at Kinetik Wellbeing here.
Conclusion:
There are several different types of blood pressure medication, each working in a different way. Many patients need a combination of treatments to achieve good control. The right medication depends on individual health factors, response to treatment and ongoing monitoring.
With regular blood pressure checks, healthy lifestyle choices and the appropriate use of medication, high blood pressure can be managed effectively, significantly reducing the risk of long-term complications.
